输出“中间结果”

发布于 12 天前 68 次阅读 预计阅读时间: 29 分钟


第三章

输出了sentenceLSTM层的topic向量(即每个句子的主题引导),并将向量转化为了最接近的词嵌入

 

				
					epoch:31
Bleu_1: 0.591
Bleu_2: 0.480
Bleu_3: 0.399
Bleu_4: 0.337
METEOR: 0.300
ROUGE_L: 0.609
CIDEr: 2.013



--- [Epoch 31] First Batch, First Sample Topic Interpretation ---
  Sentence Topic 0*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'kidneys', 'atelectasisconsolidationcardiomegalytube', 'densitycatheters', 'level'] (Sims: ['0.310', '0.309', '0.291', '0.269', '0.262'])
  Sentence Topic 1*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'kidneys', 'atelectasisconsolidationcardiomegalytube', '--', 'densitycatheters'] (Sims: ['0.329', '0.292', '0.266', '0.245', '0.242'])
  Sentence Topic 2*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'kidneys', 'hyperlucentfractures', 'granulomacalcinosisatherosclerosisarthritisscoliosisgranulomatous', 'atelectasisbasebilateralmildairspace'] (Sims: ['0.331', '0.263', '0.238', '0.234', '0.232'])
  Sentence Topic 3*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'atelectasisbasebilateralmildairspace', 'hyperlucentfractures', 'kidneys', 'granulomacalcinosisatherosclerosisarthritisscoliosisgranulomatous'] (Sims: ['0.321', '0.234', '0.232', '0.225', '0.225'])
  Sentence Topic 4*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'atelectasisbasebilateralmildairspace', 'anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'diseaselunghilumright', 'hyperlucentfractures'] (Sims: ['0.306', '0.234', '0.224', '0.221', '0.220'])
  Sentence Topic 5*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'atelectasisbasebilateralmildairspace', 'diseaselunghilumright', 'lunglucencypulmonary'] (Sims: ['0.288', '0.247', '0.231', '0.226', '0.213'])
  Sentence Topic 6*: Top-5 similar words: ['insertedlungcardiac', 'anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'diseaselunghilumright', 'atelectasisbasebilateralmildairspace', 'cardiomegalyaortic'] (Sims: ['0.268', '0.265', '0.227', '0.226', '0.223'])
  Sentence Topic 7*: Top-5 similar words: ['anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'insertedlungcardiac', 'nodescalcinosislunghilumlymph', 'cardiomegalyaortic', 'diseaselunghilumright'] (Sims: ['0.278', '0.248', '0.235', '0.232', '0.226'])
  Sentence Topic 8: Top-5 similar words: ['anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'nodescalcinosislunghilumlymph', 'cardiomegalyaortic', 'reformatted', 'insertedlungcardiac'] (Sims: ['0.287', '0.244', '0.238', '0.232', '0.229'])
  Sentence Topic 9: Top-5 similar words: ['anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'nodescalcinosislunghilumlymph', 'reformatted', 'cardiomegalyaortic', 'lungcicatrixcicatrixopacitydeformity'] (Sims: ['0.293', '0.250', '0.243', '0.242', '0.226'])
  Sentence Topic 10: Top-5 similar words: ['anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'nodescalcinosislunghilumlymph', 'reformatted', 'cardiomegalyaortic', 'granulomaairspace'] (Sims: ['0.297', '0.254', '0.251', '0.243', '0.232'])
  Sentence Topic 11: Top-5 similar words: ['anglerightbluntedmildpleural', 'reformatted', 'nodescalcinosislunghilumlymph', 'cardiomegalyaortic', 'granulomaairspace'] (Sims: ['0.299', '0.257', '0.257', '0.244', '0.238'])
--- End Topic Interpretation ---



0,"['calcinosislunghilumlymph <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> chest views pa and lateral.', 'preoperative for thyroidectomy copd chest pain xxxx chest views from xxxx xxxx.', 'the heart size is normal and cardiomediastinal silhouette has normal contour.', 'the left hilar calcified lymph xxxx appear stable.', 'there is <unk> of a left lower lobe calcified nodule xxxx representing a granuloma.', 'the lungs are hyperinflated but otherwise clear bilaterally.', 'severe hyperinflation.', 'stable left calcified hilar lymph xxxx.']","['normal nodesleft fusioncervical axillary osteophytes rib fractures fractures xxxx and lateral xxxx.', '<unk> evaluation xxxx none <unk> pa pa xxxx xxxx xxxx.', '<unk> heart size is normal the silhouette is normal.', 'no heart lung contour lymph xxxx are unchanged from.', 'no is no airspace <unk> <unk> th lobe granuloma from old granuloma.', 'no lungs are clear with clear clear.', 'no joint of.', 'no left mid granuloma lymph xxxx.', '.', '.']"
1,"['normal normal chest v frontallateral positive ppd xxxx the heart is normal in size.', 'the mediastinum is unremarkable.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'no evidence of active disease.']","['normal normal pa <unk> frontallateral xxxx ppd xxxx the heart is normal in size.', '<unk> heart is unremarkable.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'no acute of active disease.', '.']"
2,"['normal normal.', 'two views of the chest frontal and lateral views.', 'two views of the ribs frontal and oblique views persistent xxxx.', 'osteopenia and recent xxxx on left chest.', 'lower rib pain xxxx on a xxxx one xxxx ago xxxx xxxx.', 'xxxx xxxx.', 'chest.', 'lungs are clear bilaterally.', 'cardiac and mediastinal silhouettes are normal.', 'pulmonary vasculature is normal.', 'no pneumothorax or pleural effusion.', 'no acute bony abnormality.', 'ribs.', 'there are no displaced rib fractures or obvious nondisplaced rib fractures.', 'soft tissues appear normal.', 'chest.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.', 'ribs.', 'no displaced rib fractures or obvious nondisplaced rib fractures.']","['normal normal xray.', 'the views of the chest from and lateral views.', 'the views of the chest and oblique views persistent xxxx.', 'no and recent spine on xxxx chest.', 'no cervical pain xxxx on a xxxx one xxxx ago xxxx xxxx.', 'no xxxx are.']"
3,"['catheters <unk> granulomamultiple catheters indwellingcalcified granuloma chest pa and lateral on xxxx xxxx.', 'this is a <unk> male patient with reported bleeding from the xxxx.', 'chest <unk> xxxx xxxx.', 'nan the cardiac silhouette is normal in size and configuration.', 'the mediastinum and perihilar appear unremarkable.', 'a xxxx lumen catheter is seen overlying the right chest and xxxx entering from subclavian approach.', 'the tip is noted in the superior xxxx xxxx inferiorly.', 'no pneumothorax identified.', 'the lungs appear clear.', 'few calcified granulomata are noted incidentally.', 'osseous structures appear to be within normal limits.', 'previously seen <unk> picc line has been removed.']","['normal indwellingleft lobebilateralfocalmultiple catheters chest chest chest views and lateral dated xxxx xxxx at.', '<unk> is a <unk> female patient with complaints productive complaints tachycardia dyspnea and.', 'the pain xxxx normal.', 'no the cardiac silhouette is normal in size and configuration.', 'no lungs and perihilar structures unremarkable.', 'no mm of is has in in the lower lower overlying stable the study.']"
4,"['lunghypoinflation lung single view chest abdomensingle view xxxx xxxx xxxx pm kubxxxx constipation postop xxxx xxxx.', 'chest.', 'lung volumes are low but no focal infiltrates are present.', 'heart and mediastinum remain normal.', 'abdomen.', 'multiple slightly distended loops are present from stomach to rectum.', 'formed stool is present in the rectum.', 'chest.', 'hypoinflation with no visible active cardiopulmonary disease.', 'abdomen.', 'negative.', 'no mechanical obstruction.']","['normal lung pa view chest abdomensingle view xxxx xxxx xxxx pm kubxxxx constipation postop xxxx xxxx.', 'the pain.', 'no volumes are low no focal infiltrates are present.', 'no size mediastinum normal normal.']"
5,"['normal normal chest radiograph examination views performed xxxx xxxx at xxxx.', '<unk> xxxx with suspected pneumothorax.', 'none.', 'the cardiomediastinal silhouette is within normal limits for appearance.', 'no focal areas of pulmonary consolidation.', 'no pneumothorax.', 'no pleural effusion.', 'the thoracic spine appears intact.', 'no acute intrathoracic abnormality.']","['normal normal pa <unk> examination views performed xxxx xxxx at xxxx.', '<unk> male with xxxx pneumothorax.', 'the.', 'no heart silhouette is within normal limits for size.', 'no acute airspace of pulmonary consolidation.', 'no acute or.']"
6,"['normal normal xray chest pa and lateral testicular carcinoma nan the heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.', 'the lungs are free of focal airspace disease.', 'no pleural effusion or pneumothorax is seen.', 'no discrete nodules or adenopathy identified.', 'no evidence of active disease.']","['normal normal xray chest pa and lateral <unk> carcinoma nan the heart size and pulmonary vascularity appear within normal limits.', 'the lungs are clear of focal airspace disease.', 'the focal effusion or pneumothorax seen.', 'no acute nodules or adenopathy identified.']"
7,"['cardiac shadowenlargedcardiomegaly cardiac shadowcardiomegaly pa and lateral views of the chest xxxx xxxx at xxxx hours <unk> xxxx with xxxx.', 'xxxx xxxx.', 'the lungs are clear and without focal airspace opacity.', 'the cardiomediastinal silhouette is enlarged.', 'there is no pneumothorax or large pleural effusion.', 'cardiomegaly but no focal consolidation.']","['normal shadowenlargedmildopacitylungbilateralscatteredopacitylungmiddle cardiac shadowcardiomegaly xray and lateral views of the chest xxxx xxxx at xxxx hours <unk> xxxx with xxxx.', '<unk> xxxx xxxx.', 'no lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity.', 'no heart silhouette is within.', 'no is no focal or large pleural effusion.']"
8,"['thoracic vertebraedegenerativemild thoracic vertebrae xray chest pa and lateral xxxx year old with chest pain.', 'none.', 'the heart is normal in size and contour.', 'the lungs are clear without evidence of infiltrate.', 'there is no pneumothorax or effusion.', 'mild degenerative changes at the lower thoracic spine.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary disease.']","['normal vertebraedegenerative thoracic vertebrae xray chest pa and lateral xxxx year old male chest pain.', 'xxxx.', 'no lungs is normal in size and contour.', 'no lungs are clear evidence of infiltrate.', 'no are no pneumothorax or effusion.']"
9,"['implanted medical deviceaortic valvecalcinosisaortapulmonary edemainterstitialmildcardiomegalymild implanted medical devicecalcinosispulmonary edemacardiomegaly pa and lateral chest dated xxxx copd xxxx stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis.', 'sternotomy xxxx.', 'aortic calcifications.', 'mild interstitial edema.', 'no focal infiltrate.', 'no effusion or pneumothorax.', 'mild cardiomegaly.', 'mild interstitial edema.']","['normal medical devicethoraxleftcardiac valvecalcinosisaortapulmonary edemainterstitialmildcardiomegalymild implanted medical devicecalcinosispulmonary edemacardiomegaly pa and lateral chest dated xxxx copd xxxx stable appearance of aortic valve prosthesis.', '<unk> xxxx.', 'the calcifications.', 'no medial edema.', 'no acute airspace.', 'no acute or pneumothorax.']"
10,"['lunghypoinflation lung frontal and lateral view of the chest on xxxx xxxx at xxxx hours.', 'xxxx.', 'chest radiograph from xxxx.', 'there are low lung volumes.', 'cardiac silhouette and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'there is no focal opacity.', 'there is no large pleural effusion.', 'there is no pneumothorax.', 'low lung volumes without acute cardiopulmonary disease.']","['normal lung chest and lateral views of the chest xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx at xxxx hours.', '<unk> xxxx.', 'the pain xxxx xxxx xxxx.', 'no are no lung volumes with.', 'no silhouette is mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'no is no pneumothorax consolidation.']"
11,"['lunghyperdistentiondiaphragmbilateralflattenedpulmonary edemascoliosisrightmild lungdiaphragmpulmonary edemascoliosis xray chest pa and lateral <unk> male xxxx nan hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace.', 'no focal alveolar consolidation no definite pleural effusion seen.', 'heart size within normal limits the typical findings of pulmonary edema.', 'mild spine dextrocurvature noted.', 'hyperinflated lungs air trapping versus inspiratory xxxx.']","['normal edemascoliosisrightmild lungdiaphragmpulmonary edemascoliosis xray chest pa and lateral <unk> male xxxx nan hyperinflated lungs with flattened diaphragm and increased retrosternal airspace.', 'the focal alveolar consolidation no definite pleural effusion seen.', 'the size normal normal limits typical findings of pulmonary edema.', 'no spine curvature noted.', 'no lungs air trapping versus inspiratory xxxx.', '.']"
12,"['normal normal chest views frontal and lateral xxxx.', 'xxxx xxxx cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'bony structures are intact.', 'negative chest <unk>.']","['normal normal xray views frontal and lateral preoperative.', 'the xxxx cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'no structures are intact.', 'no chest <unk>.']"
13,"['calcinosismediastinumthoracic vertebraedegenerative calcinosisthoracic vertebrae xray chest pa and lateral <unk> female transplant workup.', 'chest <unk> dated xxxx at xxxx hours.', 'calcified mediastinal xxxx.', 'no focal areas of consolidation.', 'heart size within normal limits.', 'no pleural effusions.', 'no evidence of pneumothorax.', 'degenerative changes thoracic spine.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.']","['normal vertebraedegenerative calcinosisthoracic vertebrae xray chest pa and lateral <unk> female transplant workup.', 'the pain xxxx xxxx at xxxx hours.', 'the granuloma xxxx.', 'no pneumothorax consolidation of consolidation.', 'no size and normal limits.', 'no acute effusion or.']"
14,"['normal normal pa and lateral of the chest xxxx <unk> with chest pain and right arm numbness.', 'none.', 'the cardiopulmonary silhouette is normal.', 'the heart size is normal.', 'the lungs are clear with no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary findings.']","['normal normal pa and lateral chest the chest <unk> <unk> with chest pain and right arm numbness.', '<unk>.', 'none lungs silhouette is normal.', 'the heart is and normal.', 'no lungs are clear bilaterally no pulmonary effusions or pneumothorax.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.']"
15,"['normal normal pa and lateral chest.', 'xxxx xxxx followup on reported pneumonia xxxx xxxx postsurgical changes of xxxx sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior xxxx plates.', 'heart size and cardiomediastinal silhouette are normal.', 'no focal consolidation suspicious bony opacity pneumothorax or pleural effusion.', 'no acute osseous abnormality.', 'interval postsurgical changes of xxxx sternotomy without acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.']","['normal normal pa and lateral chest <unk>.', '<unk> xxxx of reported pneumonia xxxx xxxx postsurgical changes of xxxx sternotomy with screw fixation of anterior xxxx plates.', 'the size normal pulmonary silhouette are normal.', 'no acute airspace suspicious pulmonary opacity pneumothorax or pleural effusion.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.', 'no development changes of xxxx sternotomy without acute cardiopulmonary abnormality.']"
16,"['infiltratelunglower <unk> <unk> <unk> effusionbilateralsmall <unk> <unk> diseasepleural effusion <unk> chest.', 'xxxx hours xxxx xxxx compared to xxxx xxxx.', 'shortness of breath.', 'nan patchy interstitial infiltrates have developed in both lower lobes.', 'both costophrenic xxxx are blunted.', 'aorta is somewhat tortuous with the heart size is normal.', 'pulmonary xxxx are normal.', 'bibasilar patchy airspace disease with bilateral small pleural fluid collections.']","['normal loberightimplanted fusioncervical male catheter lung chest rib xray xray xxxx xxxx.', '<unk> xxxx xxxx xxxx to xxxx xxxx.', 'the of breath.', 'no the basilar opacities in to in the lower lungs.', 'no lungs xxxx are blunted.', 'no normal tortuous calcified atherosclerotic atherosclerotic and and upper.']"
17,"['normal normal xray chest pa and lateral.', 'elevated <unk> xxxx xxxx.', 'nan normal heart size.', 'normal pulmonary vasculature.', 'normal mediastinal contours.', 'lung parenchyma is clear.', 'no airspace disease.', 'no pulmonary edema.', 'no xxxx of pleural effusions.', 'no xxxx of active cardiopulmonary disease.', 'unchanged.']","['normal normal pa chest pa and lateral xxxx.', '<unk> left xxxx.', 'no there heart size.', 'no heart vascularity.', 'no mediastinal contour.', 'no volumes is clear.', 'no acute disease.']"
18,"['normal normal xray chest pa and lateral test ca ro xxxx xxxx nan the heart is normal in size.', 'the mediastinum is unremarkable.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'no acute disease.']","['normal normal xray chest pa and lateral <unk> of preop xxxx in at lungs heart is normal in size.', 'the lungs is unremarkable.', 'the cardiomediastinal are clear.', 'no pneumothorax pulmonary.', '.']"
19,"['normal normal chest <unk> ap and lateral.', 'xxxx.', 'xxxx a.', 'm.', 'headache.', 'none.', 'the cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'there is no pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum.', 'visualized bony structures are normal.', 'normal chest <unk>.']","['normal normal xray <unk> xxxx and lateral xxxx.', 'xxxx xxxx.', 'the xxxx.', 'the.', 'no xxxx.', 'no.']"
20,"['normal normal pa and lateral chest radiographs xxxx at xxxx hours.', '<unk> female with xxxx symptoms.', 'pa and lateral chest radiographs xxxx.', 'the heart size is normal.', 'the cardiomediastinal silhouette is stable in appearance.', 'the lungs are clear without focal airspace opacity pneumothorax or pleural effusion.', 'the xxxx are normal in appearance.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary finding.']","['normal normal pa and lateral chest <unk> at xxxx hours.', '<unk> female with xxxx dyspnea.', 'the lateral lateral views radiographs xxxx.', 'the heart size and normal.', 'no lungs silhouette is normal and size.', 'no lungs are clear bilaterally focal area opacity pleural or pleural effusion.', 'no lungs are intact size.']"
21,"['normal normal chest views frontal and lateral xxxx.', 'none.', 'cardiac and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'bony structures are intact.', 'negative chest <unk>.']","['normal normal xray views frontal and lateral preoperative.', 'nan.', 'the and mediastinal contours are within normal limits.', 'no lungs are clear.', 'no structures are intact.']"
22,"['normal normal chest v frontallateral dyspnea xxxx the heart is normal in size.', 'the mediastinum is stable.', 'the lungs are clear.', 'no acute disease.']","['normal normal pa <unk> frontallateral xxxx nan xxxx heart is normal in size.', '<unk> heart is unremarkable.', 'no lungs are clear.', 'no acute cardiopulmonary.', '.']"
23,"['normal normal chest views.', 'chest pain.', 'chest single view from xxxx xxxx.', 'heart size is normal.', 'cardiomediastinal silhouette is normal in contour.', 'the lungs are clear bilaterally without pleural effusion or pneumothorax.', 'no pulmonary nodules.', 'bony structures are intact.', 'negative for acute abnormality.']","['normal normal pa views.', '<unk> pain.', 'no pain on xxxx.', 'the size is normal.', 'no silhouette is within in size.', 'no lungs are clear bilaterally focal or or pneumothorax.', 'no acute nodules visualized.']"
				
			

解释一下这个输出的含义:

— [Epoch 31] First Batch, First Sample Topic Interpretation —

现在显示的是训练进行到第 31 轮 (Epoch 31) 时,验证集的第一个批次 (First Batch) 中的第一个样本 (First Sample) 的主题向量 (Topic) 。

Sentence Topic 0*:

Sentence Topic: 指的是 Sentence LSTM 为生成报告中的一个潜在句子所产生的主题向量。

0: 这是主题向量的索引,代表模型计划生成的第 1 个句子(索引从 0 开始)。

* (星号): 这个星号表示根据模型的停止信号 (ps 向量),模型预测应该生成与这个主题向量对应的句子。换句话说,模型认为报告还没写完,需要继续写这一句。

Top-5 similar words: [‘insertedlungcardiac’, ‘kidneys’, …]

Top-5 similar words: 表明接下来列出的是与当前主题向量(这里是 Topic 0)在向量空间中最接近(余弦相似度最高)的 5 个词。

[‘insertedlungcardiac’, ‘kidneys’, … ‘level’]: 这就是最相似的 5 个词列表。这些词来自于模型的词汇表 (vocab)。通过看这些词,我们可以推断出这个主题向量大概代表了什么核心概念或语义方向。例如,Topic 0 可能与“插入物、肺部、心脏、肾脏、密度、水平”等概念相关。

(Sims: [‘0.310’, ‘0.309’, … ‘0.262’])

Sims: 表示 “Similarities” (相似度)。

[‘0.310’, ‘0.309’, … ‘0.262’]: 这些是对应前面 Top-5 词语的余弦相似度得分。分数越高(越接近 1.0),表示该词的词向量与当前主题向量在方向上越接近。这里的得分在 0.2-0.3 左右,表示主题向量是一个混合概念,并非与某个单一词语完全一致。

以 Topic 0 为例:

Sentence Topic 0*: Top-5 similar words: [‘insertedlungcardiac’, ‘kidneys’, ‘atelectasisconsolidationcardiomegalytube’, ‘densitycatheters’, ‘level’] (Sims: [‘0.310’, ‘0.309’, ‘0.291’, ‘0.269’, ‘0.262’])

含义是:对于当前这个样本,模型计划生成的第 1 个句子(由 Topic 0 指导),其核心主题在向量空间中最接近于词汇表中的 ‘insertedlungcardiac’ (相似度0.310), ‘kidneys’ (相似度0.309), ‘atelectasisconsolidationcardiomegalytube’ (相似度0.291) 等词所代表的概念。并且,模型根据其停止机制判断,确实需要生成这一句(由 * 表示)。

对于整个输出:

* 的行 (Topic 0 到 7): 模型打算为这个样本生成大约 8 个句子。每一行显示了对应句子主题的核心关联词。

不带 * 的行 (Topic 8 到 11): 模型在生成第 8 个句子(Topic 7 对应的句子)之后,其停止机制发出了停止信号,因此它不打算生成 Topic 8 及之后的主题对应的句子。虽然我们仍然计算并显示了这些主题向量最相似的词,但它们不会被用于实际的报告生成。

词语内容: 可以看到相似词语中包含了一些医学术语(如 atelectasis, cardiomegaly, pleural, nodes)以及一些可能是由多个词合并成的词(如 insertedlungcardiac)。高频出现的词(如 insertedlungcardiac, anglerightbluntedmildpleural)可能代表了该样本或该模型阶段比较普遍或核心的概念。

 

这个输出提供了一个窗口,让我们了解模型在生成每个句子之前,“脑子里想的”大概是什么主题方向。

第四章

输出了t=100/20/5时,模型的预测结果

				
					--- Sample 694 ---
Reference Text:
the heart is normal in size
the mediastinum is unremarkable
the lungs are clear
no acute disease
Final Prediction (t=0):
the heart size is normal
the lungs are opacity in consolidation no effusion
the lungs are within within is normal
mild and are the normal limits and
Intermediate Predictions:
Prediction at t=100:
the heart size before lower
the mediastinum fracture previously in in on position
the pleural are could within is degenerative findings
midthoracic are the normal thoracolumbar by
Prediction at t=20:
the heart size is normal
the does are intact in consolidation lobe effusion
the lungs are middle within is normal
lumbosacral and are the normal limits and
Prediction at t=5:
the heart size is normal
the lungs are opacity in consolidation no effusion
the lungs are atrium within is normal
slight and are the normal limits and

--- Sample 692 ---
Reference Text:
no pneumothorax pleural effusion or focal airspace disease
there is a discrete
cm nodule within the anterior segment of the right lower lobe
the additional nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease
Final Prediction (t=0):
normal lung contours aorta
lungs are clear calcified of the right with pleural effusion left
lungs are clear without thoracic right with with with without with with with with with
no aorta interstitial stable for
Intermediate Predictions:
Prediction at t=100:
normal as contours mediastinal ectasiatortuosity examination to
lungs are improvement of vasculature the present examination right of base
old right is projecting xxxx projected enlarged lungs or junction effusions with vascular with
granulomatous spine can stable silhouettes
Prediction at t=20:
normal lung contours smaller
lungs are clear opacities of the calcifications with pleural calcified left
lungs are scan demonstrated emphysema right months hemithorax without with with bilaterally with with
hypoinflation a interstitial stable identified
Prediction at t=5:
normal lung contours for
lungs are clear hilar of the engorged with pleural effusions left
lungs are clear without limited right with with with without with with with with with
following vasculature interstitial stable process
				
			

 

分析样本 694

文本翻译:

真实文本 (Reference Text):

心脏大小正常 (the heart is normal in size)

纵隔未见异常 (the mediastinum is unremarkable)

肺部清晰 (the lungs are clear)

无急性病变 (no acute disease)

含义总结: 这是一份基本正常的胸部影像报告。

最终预测 (Final Prediction, t=0):

心脏大小正常 (the heart size is normal)

肺部有不透明影/实变,无积液 (the lungs are opacity in consolidation no effusion) – 注意:这与真实文本中的“肺部清晰”相矛盾。

肺部在…在…是正常的 (the lungs are within within is normal) – 语法错误且重复。

轻微并且是正常范围内并且 (mild and are the normal limits and) – 语法错误且不完整。

含义总结: 开头正确描述了心脏,但错误地描述了肺部(有不透明影/实变),且后半部分语法混乱。与真实文本相比,质量不高。

t=100 预测:

心脏大小在…之前/较低 (the heart size before lower) – 无意义。

纵隔骨折先前在在在位置 (the mediastinum fracture previously in in on position) – 无意义,错误地提及“骨折”。

胸膜是可能在…是退行性发现 (the pleural are could within is degenerative findings) – 语法差,提及不相关的“退行性发现”。

胸中段是正常的胸腰段通过 (midthoracic are the normal thoracolumbar by) – 无意义。

含义总结: 在 t=100 时,文本基本是噪声,充满了不相关的词语和错误的语法结构,完全看不出报告的雏形。

t=20 预测:

心脏大小正常 (the heart size is normal) – 正确!

…是完整的在实变肺叶积液 (the does are intact in consolidation lobe effusion) – 语法差,仍然错误地提及“实变/积液”。

肺部中间在…是正常的 (the lungs are middle within is normal) – 语法差。

腰骶并且是正常范围内并且 (lumbosacral and are the normal limits and) – 语法错误,提及不相关的“腰骶”。

含义总结: 相比 t=100 有了巨大进步。第一句已经完全正确。但描述肺部的部分仍然错误,且语法依然较差,并包含无关词汇。

t=5 预测:

心脏大小正常 (the heart size is normal) – 正确。

肺部有不透明影/实变,无积液 (the lungs are opacity in consolidation no effusion) – 与最终预测一致,但与真实文本矛盾。

肺部心房在…是正常的 (the lungs are atrium within is normal) – 语法差,错误提及“心房”。

轻微并且是正常范围内并且 (slight and are the normal limits and) – 与最终预测的语法错误一致。

含义总结: 与最终预测 (t=0) 非常相似。核心结构和关键短语(包括错误的短语)已经基本确定。比 t=20 更连贯,但仍然包含错误信息和语法问题。

观察与解释 (样本 694):

逐步清晰化: 从 t=100 的完全噪声,到 t=20 开始形成正确的句子片段(心脏大小正常),再到 t=5 时基本形成了最终预测的结构(尽管这个最终预测本身有错误),这个过程清晰地展示了扩散模型从噪声中逐步恢复信息、生成文本的过程。

t=5 vs t=20: 对于这个样本,t=5 的预测文本 在结构和内容上都更接近最终预测 (t=0)。t=20 时模型还在探索,虽然抓住了“心脏大小正常”,但其他部分还很混乱。到了 t=5,模型似乎已经“锁定”了最终要生成的文本的大部分内容,包括那个关于肺部不透明影的错误描述。

与真实文本比较: 虽然 t=5 比 t=20 更接近 最终预测,但很难说它一定更接近 真实文本。因为 t=5 已经包含了最终预测中的关键错误(肺部描述),而 t=20 在那部分虽然也错了,但表述还不太确定。这说明模型在 t=20 到 t=5 之间可能就确定了一个并非完全正确的生成方向。

分析样本 692

文本翻译:

真实文本 (Reference Text):

无气胸、胸腔积液或局灶性肺泡病变 (no pneumothorax pleural effusion or focal airspace disease)

(有一个离散的) 右下叶前段内有一个…厘米的结节 ((there is a discrete) cm nodule within the anterior segment of the right lower lobe) – 描述了特定发现:结节

额外的结节状不透明影,符合慢性肉芽肿性疾病 (the additional nodular opacities consistent with chronic granulomatous disease) – 描述了另一个特定发现:符合慢性肉芽肿病

含义总结: 报告排除了几种情况,并指出了两个关键的阳性发现:一个肺结节和符合慢性肉芽肿病的表现。

最终预测 (Final Prediction, t=0):

正常的肺轮廓 主动脉 (normal lung contours aorta) – 不完整。

肺部清晰,右侧钙化,伴有左侧胸腔积液 (lungs are clear calcified of the right with pleural effusion left) – 错误地描述了“清晰”、“钙化”和“积液”。

肺部清晰,无胸廓右侧伴有伴有伴有无伴有伴有伴有伴有伴有 (lungs are clear without thoracic right with with with without with with with with with) – 语法混乱,大量重复“with/without”。

无主动脉 间质 稳定 为 (no aorta interstitial stable for) – 不完整,语法错误。

含义总结: 生成质量很差,与真实文本描述的关键发现完全不符,且语法混乱,充满了重复词。

t=100 预测:

正常如同轮廓纵隔扩张扭曲检查到 (normal as contours mediastinal ectasiatortuosity examination to) – 基本无意义。

肺部是血管系统的改善当前检查右侧基底部 (lungs are improvement of vasculature the present examination right of base) – 语法差。

旧的右侧是投射xxxx投射扩大的肺或交界积液伴有血管伴有 (old right is projecting xxxx projected enlarged lungs or junction effusions with vascular with) – 提及“积液”、“血管”,但混乱。

肉芽肿性脊柱可以稳定轮廓 (granulomatous spine can stable silhouettes) – 非常有趣!包含了真实文本中的关键词“肉芽肿性 (granulomatous)”,但混杂了无关的“脊柱 (spine)”。

含义总结: 极度嘈杂,但意外地捕捉到了一个来自真实报告的关键术语“granulomatous”。

t=20 预测:

正常肺轮廓 更小 (normal lung contours smaller) – 不完整。

肺部清晰,不透明影,钙化,伴有胸膜钙化左侧 (lungs are clear opacities of the calcifications with pleural calcified left) – 提及“清晰”、“不透明影”、“钙化”,但结构混乱且可能不准确。

肺部是扫描显示肺气肿右侧数月半胸廓无伴有伴有双侧伴有伴有 (lungs are scan demonstrated emphysema right months hemithorax without with with bilaterally with with) – 提及可能不相关的“肺气肿”,重复词问题严重。

充气不足 一个 间质 稳定 已识别 (hypoinflation a interstitial stable identified) – 提及“间质”、“稳定”。

含义总结: 相比 t=100,似乎丢失了关键词“granulomatous”,引入了其他医学术语(可能正确也可能错误),语法和重复词问题依然严重。

t=5 预测:

正常肺轮廓 为 (normal lung contours for) – 不完整。

肺部清晰,肺门的充血,伴有左侧胸腔积液 (lungs are clear hilar of the engorged with pleural effusions left) – 错误地描述了“清晰”、“肺门充血”、“积液”。

肺部清晰,无限制右侧伴有伴有伴有无伴有伴有伴有伴有伴有 (lungs are clear without limited right with with with without with with with with with) – 重复词问题严重。

跟随血管系统间质稳定过程 (following vasculature interstitial stable process) – 提及“血管”、“间质”、“稳定”。

含义总结: 与最终预测 (t=0) 非常相似,包括其错误(如“清晰”、“积液”)和严重的重复词问题。结构已经固定下来。

观察与解释 (样本 692):

逐步清晰化与信息丢失: 同样地,文本从 t=100 的噪声状态逐步变得结构化。但值得注意的是,t=100 时捕捉到的关键词 “granulomatous” 在 t=20 和 t=5 时丢失了,最终预测也没有包含它。这可能意味着模型在去噪过程中,为了追求整体的(可能是更常见的)流畅性或结构,牺牲了早期捕捉到的、更具体但可能更罕见的细节。

t=5 vs t=20: 和样本 694 类似,t=5 的预测文本 在结构、用词(包括错误用词)和重复模式上都非常接近最终预测 (t=0)。t=20 则显得更加混乱和不确定。

与真实文本比较: 在这个例子中,由于最终预测的质量很差,t=5 和 t=20 都离真实文本很远。硬要比较的话,t=5 形成的固定结构是一个完全错误的描述,而 t=20 虽然混乱,但至少没有完全锁定在一个错误的结论上。从捕捉到 “granulomatous” 这个角度看,t=100 反而是最“接近”真实文本某个关键点的时刻(尽管整体完全不可读)。

总结:

从这两个样本可以看出:

去噪过程是有效的: 文本确实是从混乱、无意义的状态(t=100)逐步变得更加连贯和结构化(t=20 -> t=5 -> t=0)。

后期收敛快: 在扩散过程的后期(例如从 t=20 到 t=5),文本的内容和结构似乎会快速收敛到接近最终预测的状态。t=5 的输出往往和 t=0 的输出非常相似,表明大部分“决策”已经在这个阶段完成。

t=5 通常比 t=20 更接近最终预测: 基于以上观察,t=5 的文本在形式和内容上都更像 t=0 的文本。

接近最终预测 ≠ 接近真实文本: 模型可能在去噪过程中就锁定了一个并非最优或并非完全正确的生成结果。因此,虽然 t=5 比 t=20 更接近最终输出,但不一定更接近真实的参考文本,特别是当最终输出本身质量不高时。

可能的信息丢失: 有时在噪声较大的早期阶段(如 t=100)可能捕捉到一些关键的细节信息,但在后续追求整体连贯性的去噪过程中,这些细节可能会丢失。